Tuesday 26 April 2016

Asfotase alfa

 STR1
> Asfotase Alfa Sequence
LVPEKEKDPKYWRDQAQETLKYALELQKLNTNVAKNVIMFLGDGMGVSTVTAARILKGQL
HHNPGEETRLEMDKFPFVALSKTYNTNAQVPDSAGTATAYLCGVKANEGTVGVSAATERS
RCNTTQGNEVTSILRWAKDAGKSVGIVTTTRVNHATPSAAYAHSADRDWYSDNEMPPEAL
SQGCKDIAYQLMHNIRDIDVIMGGGRKYMYPKNKTDVEYESDEKARGTRLDGLDLVDTWK
SFKPRYKHSHFIWNRTELLTLDPHNVDYLLGLFEPGDMQYELNRNNVTDPSLSEMVVVAI
QILRKNPKGFFLLVEGGRIDHGHHEGKAKQALHEAVEMDRAIGQAGSLTSSEDTLTVVTA
DHSHVFTFGGYTPRGNSIFGLAPMLSDTDKKPFTAILYGNGPGYKVVGGERENVSMVDYA
HNNYQAQSAVPLRHETHGGEDVAVFSKGPMAHLLHGVHEQNYVPHVMAYAACIGANLGHC
APASSLKDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEV
KFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKDIDDDD
DDDDDD
Asfotase alfa
Indicated for the treatment of patients with perinatal/infantile and juvenile onset hypophosphatasia (HPP).
(Strensiq®)Approved
A mineralized tissue targeted fusion protein used to treat hypophosphatasia.
Research Code ALXN-1215; ENB-0040; sALP-FcD-10
CAS No.1174277-80-5
180000.0
C7108H11008N1968O2206S56


CompanyAlexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
DescriptionFusion protein incorporating the catalytic domain of human tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP; ALPL) and a bone-targeting peptide
Molecular Target
Mechanism of ActionEnzyme replacement therapy
Therapeutic ModalityBiologic: Fusion protein
Latest Stage of DevelopmentApproved
Standard IndicationMetabolic (unspecified)
Indication DetailsTreat hypophosphatasia (HPP); Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in children; Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in patients whose first signs or symptoms occurred prior to 18 years of age; Treat perinatal, infantile and juvenile-onset hypophosphatasia (HPP)
Regulatory DesignationU.S. - Breakthrough Therapy (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in children);
U.S. - Breakthrough Therapy (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in patients whose first signs or symptoms occurred prior to 18 years of age);
U.S. - Fast Track (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP));
U.S. - Orphan Drug (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP));
U.S. - Priority Review (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in children);
EU - Accelerated Assessment (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP));
EU - Accelerated Assessment (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP) in children);
EU - Orphan Drug (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP));
Japan - Orphan Drug (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP));
Australia - Orphan Drug (Treat hypophosphatasia (HPP)
Asfotase Alfa is a first-in-class bone-targeted enzyme replacement therapy designed to address the underlying cause of hypophosphatasia (HPP)—deficient alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Hypophosphatasia is almost always fatal when severe skeletal disease is obvious at birth. By replacing deficient ALP, treatment with Asfotase Alfa aims to improve the elevated enzyme substrate levels and improve the body’s ability to mineralize bone, thereby preventing serious skeletal and systemic patient morbidity and premature death. Asfotase alfa was first approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medicals Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on July 3, 2015, then approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) on August 28, 2015, and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 23, 2015. Asfotase Alfa is marketed under the brand name Strensiq® by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The annual average price of Asfotase Alfa treatment is $285,000.
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inheritable disease that results from loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Therapeutic options for treating the underlying pathophysiology of the disease have been lacking, with the mainstay of treatment being management of symptoms and supportive care. HPP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients, with mortality rates as high as 100 % in perinatal-onset HPP and 50 % in infantile-onset HPP. Subcutaneous asfotase alfa (Strensiq(®)), a first-in-class bone-targeted human recombinant TNSALP replacement therapy, is approved in the EU for long-term therapy in patients with paediatric-onset HPP to treat bone manifestations of the disease. In noncomparative clinical trials in infants and children with paediatric-onset HPP, asfotase alfa rapidly improved radiographically-assessed rickets severity scores at 24 weeks (primary timepoint) as reflected in improvements in bone mineralization, with these benefits sustained after more than 3 years of treatment. Furthermore, patients typically experienced improvements in respiratory function, gross motor function, fine motor function, cognitive development, muscle strength (normalization) and ability to perform activities of daily living, and catch-up height-gain. In life-threatening perinatal and infantile HPP, asfotase alfa also improved overall survival. Asfotase alfa was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with relatively few patients discontinuing treatment and most treatment-related adverse events being of mild to moderate intensity. Thus, subcutaneous asfotase alfa is a valuable emerging therapy for the treatment of bone manifestations in patients with paediatric-onset HPP.

FDA
October 23, 2015

Release

 Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Strensiq (asfotase alfa) as the first approved treatment for perinatal, infantile and juvenile-onset hypophosphatasia (HPP).
HPP is a rare, genetic, progressive, metabolic disease in which patients experience devastating effects on multiple systems of the body, leading to severe disability and life-threatening complications. It is characterized by defective bone mineralization that can lead to rickets and softening of the bones that result in skeletal abnormalities. It can also cause complications such as profound muscle weakness with loss of mobility, seizures, pain, respiratory failure and premature death. Severe forms of HPP affect an estimated one in 100,000 newborns, but milder cases, such as those that appear in childhood or adulthood, may occur more frequently.
“For the first time, the HPP community will have access to an approved therapy for this rare disease,” said Amy G. Egan, M.D., M.P.H., deputy director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). “Strensiq’s approval is an example of how the Breakthrough Therapy Designation program can bring new and needed treatments to people with rare diseases.”
Strensiq received a breakthrough therapy designation as it is the first and only treatment for perinatal, infantile and juvenile-onset HPP. The Breakthrough Therapy Designation program encourages the FDA to work collaboratively with sponsors, by providing timely advice and interactive communications, to help expedite the development and review of important new drugs for serious or life-threatening conditions. In addition to designation as a breakthrough therapy, the FDA granted Strensiq orphan drug designation because it treats a disease affecting fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States.
Orphan drug designation provides financial incentives, like clinical trial tax credits, user fee waivers, and eligibility for market exclusivity to promote rare disease drug development. Strensiq was also granted priority review, which is granted to drug applications that show a significant improvement in safety or effectiveness in the treatment of a serious condition. In addition, the manufacturer of Strensiq was granted a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher – a provision intended to encourage development of new drugs and biologics for the prevention and treatment of rare pediatric diseases. Development of this drug was also in part supported by the FDA Orphan Products Grants Program, which provides grants for clinical studies on safety and/or effectiveness of products for use in rare diseases or conditions.
Strensiq is administered via injection three or six times per week. Strensiq works by replacing the enzyme (known as tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) responsible for formation of an essential mineral in normal bone, which has been shown to improve patient outcomes.
The safety and efficacy of Strensiq were established in 99 patients with perinatal (disease occurs in utero and is evident at birth), infantile- or juvenile-onset HPP who received treatment for up to 6.5 years during four prospective, open-label studies. Study results showed that patients with perinatal- and infantile-onset HPP treated with Strensiq had improved overall survival and survival without the need for a ventilator (ventilator-free survival). Ninety-seven percent of treated patients were alive at one year of age compared to 42 percent of control patients selected from a natural history study group. Similarly, the ventilator-free survival rate at one year of age was 85 percent for treated patients compared to less than 50 percent for the natural history control patients.
Patients with juvenile-onset HPP treated with Strensiq showed improvements in growth and bone health compared to control patients selected from a natural history database. All treated patients had improvement in low weight or short stature or maintained normal height and weight. In comparison, approximately 20 percent of control patients had growth delays over time, with shifts in height or weight from the normal range for children their age to heights and weights well below normal for age. Juvenile-onset patients also showed improvements in bone mineralization, as measured on a scale that evaluates the severity of rickets and other HPP-related skeletal abnormalities based on x-ray images. All treated patients demonstrated substantial healing of rickets on x-rays while some natural history control patients showed increasing signs of rickets over time.
The most common side effects in patients treated with Strensiq include injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions (such as difficulty breathing, nausea, dizziness and fever), lipodystrophy (a loss of fat tissue resulting in an indentation in the skin or a thickening of fat tissue resulting in a lump under the skin) at the injection site, and ectopic calcifications of the eyes and kidney.
Strensiq is manufactured by Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., based in Cheshire, Connecticut.

Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)
US7763712No2004-04-212026-07-15
STRENSIQ is a formulation of asfotase alfa, which is a soluble glycoproteincomposed of two identical polypeptide chains. Each chain contains 726amino acids with a theoretical mass of 161 kDa. Each chain consists of the catalytic domain of human tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), the human immunoglobulin G1 Fc domain and a deca-aspartatepeptide used as a bone targeting domain. The two polypeptide chains are covalently linked by two disulfide bonds.
STRENSIQ is a tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase produced byrecombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. TNSALP is a metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters with release of inorganic phosphate and alcohol. Asfotase alfa has a specific activity of 620 to 1250 units/mg. One activity unit is defined as the amount of asfotase alfa required to form 1 μmol of p-nitrophenol from pNPP per minute at 37°C.
STRENSIQ (asfotase alfa) is a sterile, preservative-free, nonpyrogenic, clear, slightly opalescent or opalescent, colorless to slightly yellow, with few small translucent or white particles, aqueous solution for subcutaneous administration. STRENSIQ is supplied in glass single-use vials containing asfotase alfa; dibasic sodium phosphate, heptahydrate; monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate; and sodium chloride at a pH between 7.2 and 7.6. Table 5 describes the content of STRENSIQ vial presentations.
Table 5: Content of STRENSIQ Vial Presentations
INGREDIENTQUANTITY PER VIAL
ASFOTASE ALFA18 MG/0.45 ML28 MG/0.7 ML40 MG/ML80 MG/0.8 ML
Dibasic sodium phosphate, heptahydrate2.48 mg3.85 mg5.5 mg4.4 mg
Monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate0.28 mg0.43 mg0.62 mg0.5 mg
Sodium chloride3.94 mg6.13 mg8.76 mg7.01 mg
REFERENCES
  1. Whyte MP: Hypophosphatasia - aetiology, nosology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Apr;12(4):233-46. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.14. Epub 2016 Feb 19. [PubMed:26893260 ]
  2. Whyte MP, Rockman-Greenberg C, Ozono K, Riese R, Moseley S, Melian A, Thompson DD, Bishop N, Hofmann C: Asfotase Alfa Treatment Improves Survival for Perinatal and Infantile Hypophosphatasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;101(1):334-42. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3462. Epub 2015 Nov 3. [PubMed:26529632 ]
  3. Whyte MP, Greenberg CR, Salman NJ, Bober MB, McAlister WH, Wenkert D, Van Sickle BJ, Simmons JH, Edgar TS, Bauer ML, Hamdan MA, Bishop N, Lutz RE, McGinn M, Craig S, Moore JN, Taylor JW, Cleveland RH, Cranley WR, Lim R, Thacher TD, Mayhew JE, Downs M, Millan JL, Skrinar AM, Crine P, Landy H: Enzyme-replacement therapy in life-threatening hypophosphatasia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 8;366(10):904-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1106173. [PubMed:22397652 ]
//////Asfotase alfa, Strensiq, treat hypophosphatasia, ALXN-1215,  ENB-0040,  sALP-FcD-10, FDA 2015

Monday 25 April 2016

Blinatumomab

Blinatumomab, AMG-103,  MEDI-538,  MT-103,
(Blincyto®) Approved
A bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager used to treat philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Immunoglobulin, anti-​(human CD19 (antigen)​) (single-​chain) fusion protein with immunoglobulin, anti-​(human CD3 (antigen)​) (clone 1 single-​chain) (9CI)
 

Other Names

1: PN: WO2005052004 SEQID: 1 claimed protein

cas 853426-35-4
 
 BLINCYTO (blinatumomab) for injectionBlinatumomab (trade name Blincyto, previously known as AMG103) is a biopharmaceutical drug used as a second-line treatmentfor Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It belongs to a class of constructedmonoclonal antibodiesbi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), that exert action selectively and direct the human immune system to act against tumor cells. Blinatumomab specifically targets the CD19 antigen present on B cells.[1] In December 2014 it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration under the accelerated approval program; marketing authorization depended on the outcome of clinical trials that were ongoing at the time of approval.[2][3] When it launched, blinatumomab was priced at $178,000 per year in the United States; only about 1,000 people were eligible to take the drug, based on its label.[4]


Medical use

Blinatumomab is used as a second-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory Bcell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.[2]

Mechanism of action


 
Blinatumomab linking a T cell to a malignant B cell.
Blinatumomab enables a patient's T cells to recognize malignant B cells. A molecule of blinatumomab combines two binding sites: aCD3 site for T cells and a CD19 site for the target B cells. CD3 is part of the T cell receptor. The drug works by linking these two cell types and activating the T cell to exert cytotoxic activity on the target cell.[5] CD3 and CD19 are expressed in both pediatric and adult patients, making blinatumomab a potential therapeutic option for both pediatric and adult populations.[6]


History

The drug was developed by a German-American company Micromet, Inc. in cooperation with Lonza; Micromet was later purchased byAmgen, which has furthered the drug's clinical trials. In July 2014, the FDA granted breakthrough therapy status to blinatumomab for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).[7] In October 2014, Amgen’s Biologics License Application for blinatumomab was granted priority review designation by the FDA, thus establishing a deadline of May 19, 2015 for completion of the FDA review process.[8]
On December 3, 2014, the drug was approved for use in the United States to treat Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia under the FDA's accelerated approval program; marketing authorization depended on the outcome of clinical trials that were ongoing at the time of approval.[2][9]

Cost

When blinatumomab was approved, Amgen announced that the price for the drug would be $178,000 per year, which made it the most expensive cancer drug on the market. Merck's pembrolizumab was priced at $150,000 per year when it launched; unlike that drug and others, only about 1,000 people can be given the drug, based on its label.[4]
Peter Bach, director of the Center for Health Policy and Outcomes at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, has calculated that according to "value-based pricing," assuming that the value of a year of life is $120,000 with a 15% "toxicity discount," the market price of blinaumomab should be $12,612 a month, compared to the market price of $64,260 a month. A representative of Amgen said, “The price of Blincyto reflects the significant clinical, economic and humanistic value of the product to patients and the health-care system. The price also reflects the complexity of developing, manufacturing and reliably supplying innovative biologic medicines.”[10]

 

Patent

WO 2010052013
Examples:
1. CD19xCD3 bispecific single chain antibody
The generation, expression and cytotoxic activity of the CD19xCD3 bispecific single chain antibody has been described in WO 99/54440. The corresponding amino and nucleic acid sequences of the CD19xCD3 bispecific single chain antibody are shown in SEQ ID NOs. 1 and 2, respectively. The VH and VL regions of the CD3 binding domain of the CD19xCD3 bispecific single chain antibody are shown in SEQ ID NOs. 7 to 10, respectively, whereas the VH and VL regions of the CD19 binding domain of the CD19xCD3 bispecific single chain antibody are shown in SEQ ID NOs 3 to 6, respectively.
PATENT
PATENT
WO 2015006749
PATENT
CN 104861067
WO1998008875A1 *18 Aug 19975 Mar 1998Viva Diagnostika Diagnostische Produkte GmbhNovel combination preparations and their use in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy
WO1999054440A121 Apr 199928 Oct 1999Micromet Gesellschaft Für Biomedizinische Forschung MbhCD19xCD3 SPECIFIC POLYPEPTIDES AND USES THEREOF
WO2004106381A126 May 20049 Dec 2004Micromet AgPharmaceutical compositions comprising bispecific anti-cd3, anti-cd19 antibody constructs for the treatment of b-cell related disorders
WO2007068354A129 Nov 200621 Jun 2007Micromet AgMeans and methods for the treatment of tumorous diseases

References

  1.  "blinatumomab" (PDF). United States Adopted Names Council » Adopted Names.American Medical Association. 2008. N08/16.(registration required)
  2.  Blinatumomab label Updated 12/2014
  3.  Food and Drug Administration December 3, 2014 FDA Press release: Blinatumomab
  4.  Tracy Staton for FiercePharmaMarketing. December 18, 2014 Amgen slaps record-breaking $178K price on rare leukemia drug Blincyto
  5.  Mølhøj, M; Crommer, S; Brischwein, K; Rau, D; Sriskandarajah, M; Hoffmann, P; Kufer, P; Hofmeister, R; Baeuerle, PA (March 2007). "CD19-/CD3-bispecific antibody of the BiTE class is far superior to tandem diabody with respect to redirected tumor cell lysis".Molecular Immunology 44 (8): 1935–43. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.032.PMID 17083975.Closed access
  6.  Amgen (30 October 2012). Background Information for the Pediatric Subcommittee of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting 04 December 2012 (PDF) (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. Blinatumomab (AMG 103).
  7.  "Amgen Receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation For Investigational BiTE® Antibody Blinatumomab In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" (Press release). Amgen. 1 July 2014.
  8.  "Amgen's BiTE® Immunotherapy Blinatumomab Receives FDA Priority Review Designation In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" (Press release). Amgen. 9 October 2014.
  9. "Business: Antibody advance". Seven Days. Nature (paper) 516 (7530): 149. 11 December 2014. doi:10.1038/516148a.open access publication - free to read
  10.  Peter Loftus (June 18, 2015). "How Much Should Cancer Drugs Cost? Memorial Sloan Kettering doctors create pricing calculator that weighs factors such as side effects, extra years of life". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
Blinatumomab
Monoclonal antibody
TypeBi-specific T-cell engager
SourceMouse
TargetCD19CD3
Clinical data
Trade namesBlincyto
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration
intravenous
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability100% (IV)
Metabolismdegradation into small peptides and amino acids
Biological half-life2.11 hours
Excretionurine (negligible)
Identifiers
CAS Number853426-35-4 
ATC codeL01XC19 (WHO)
ChemSpidernone
UNII4FR53SIF3A Yes
Chemical data
FormulaC2367H3577N649O772S19
Molar mass54.1 kDa
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